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干旱 3

气候变化 2

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more stable rice genotypes in stress environments: fine-tuning a selection method using production and resilience

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023521

摘要：

● Score index methods readily discriminate genotypes adapted to a target environment.

关键词： Aerobic rice breeding selection drought resilience production capacity index resilience capacity index stress score index upland

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APPLE SUMO E3 LIGASE MDSIZ1 NEGATIVELY REGULATES DROUGHT TOLERANCE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第2期

摘要：

Drought stress typically causes heavy losses in apple production and uncovering the mechanisms by which apple tolerates drought stress is important in apple breeding. MdSIZ1 is a SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) E3 ligase that promotes SUMO binding to substrate proteins. Here, we demonstrate that MdSIZ1 in apple has a negative relationship with drought tolerance. MdSIZ1 RNAi transgenic apple trees had a higher survival rate after drought stress. During drought stress they had higher leaf water potential, reduced ion leakage, lower H₂O₂ and malondialdehyde contents, and higher catalase activity. In addition, MdSIZ1 RNAi transgenic plants had a higher net photosynthetic rate during the latter period of drought stress. Finally, the transgenic apple trees also altered expression levels of some microRNAs in response to drought stress. Taken together, these results indicate that apple MdSIZ1 negatively regulates drought stress by enhancing leaf water-holding capacity and antioxidant enzyme activity.

关键词： apple / drought tolerance / gene expression / MdSIZ1

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How do digital technologies improve supply chain resilience in the COVID-19 pandemic?

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 39-50 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0230-4

摘要： Digital technologies (DTs) can assist businesses in coping with supply chain (SC) disruptions caused by unpredictability, such as pandemics. However, the current knowledge of the relationship between DTs and supply chain resilience (SCR) is insufficient. This study draws on information processing theory to develop a serial mediation model to address this deficiency. We analyze a sample set consisting of 264 Chinese manufacturers. The empirical results reveal that digital supply chain platforms (DSCPs), as well as supply chain traceability (SCT) and supply chain agility (SCA), fully mediate the favorable association between DTs and SCR. Specifically, the four significant indirect paths indicated that firms can improve SCR only if they use DTs to directly or indirectly improve SCT and SCA (through DSCPs). Our study contributes to the literature on resilience by examining the possible mechanism of mediation through which DTs influence SCR. The findings also offer essential insights for firms to modify their digital strategies and thrive in a turbulent environment.

关键词： digital technologies supply chain resilience information processing theory COVID-19 China

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APPLE SUMO E3 LIGASE MDSIZ1 NEGATIVELY REGULATES DROUGHT TOLERANCE

Baohua CHU, Jia SUN, Huan DANG, Ziqing MA, Shuang ZHAO, Qingmei GUAN, Xuewei LI

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》页码 247-261 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021388

摘要： Drought stress typically causes heavy losses in apple production and uncovering the mechanisms by which apple tolerates drought stress is important in apple breeding. MdSIZ1 is a SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) E3 ligase that promotes SUMO binding to substrate proteins. Here, we demonstrate that in apple has a negative relationship with drought tolerance. RNAi transgenic apple trees had a higher survival rate after drought stress. During drought stress they had higher leaf water potential, reduced ion leakage, lower H O and malondialdehyde contents, and higher catalase activity. In addition, RNAi transgenic plants had a higher net photosynthetic rate during the latter period of drought stress. Finally, the transgenic apple trees also altered expression levels of some microRNAs in response to drought stress. Taken together, these results indicate that apple MdSIZ1 negatively regulates drought stress by enhancing leaf water-holding capacity and antioxidant enzyme activity.

关键词： apple drought tolerance gene expression MdSIZ1

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农业防旱抗旱减灾工程技术与应用

李玉中,王春乙,程延年

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第9期页码 85-89

摘要：

介绍了干旱以及干旱对作物的影响，概述了农业防灾减灾的主要工程措施，这些工程措施包括集水工程、蓄水工程、覆盖抑蒸工程、节水灌溉工程、人工增雨防旱工程、抗旱种衣剂包衣工程，并介绍了这些工程的应用效果。

关键词：农业干旱工程减灾抗旱种衣剂包衣工程

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Seismic responses and resilience of novel SMA-based self-centring eccentrically braced frames under near-fault

Zhi-Peng CHEN; Songye ZHU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第8期页码 962-975 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0873-6

摘要： In this paper, the seismic responses and resilience of a novel K-type superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) self-centring (SC) eccentrically braced frame (EBF) are investigated. The simulation models of the SMA-based SC-EBF and a corresponding equal-stiffness traditional EBF counterpart are first established based on some existing tests. Then twenty-four near-fault ground motions are used to examine the seismic responses of both EBFs under design basis earthquake (DBE) and maximum considered earthquake (MCE) levels. Structural fragility and loss analyses are subsequently conducted through incremental dynamic analyses (IDA), and the resilience of the two EBFs are eventually estimated. The resilience assessment basically follows the framework proposed by Federal Emergency and Management Agency (FEMA) with the additional consideration of the maximum residual inter-storey drift ratio (MRIDR). The novel SMA-based SC-EBF shows a much better resilience in the study and represents a promising attractive alternative for future applications.

关键词： shape memory alloy eccentrically braced frame self-centring fragility loss function resilience

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Improved resilience measure for component recovery priority in power grids

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第4期页码 545-556 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0161-5

摘要： Given the complexity of power grids, the failure of any component may cause large-scale economic losses. Consequently, the quick recovery of power grids after disasters has become a new research direction. Considering the severity of power grid disasters, an improved power grid resilience measure and its corresponding importance measures are proposed. The recovery priority of failed components after a disaster is determined according to the influence of the failed components on the power grid resilience. Finally, based on the data from the 2019 Power Yearbook of each city in Shandong Province, China, the power grid resilience after a disaster is analyzed for two situations, namely, partial components failure and failure of all components. Result shows that the recovery priorities of components with different importance measures vary. The resilience evaluations under different repair conditions prove the feasibility of the proposed method.

关键词： resilience measure power grid importance measure component recovery

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APPLE SUMO E3 LIGASE MDSIZ1 NEGATIVELY REGULATES DROUGHT TOLERANCE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第4期页码 662-662 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021408

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OVEREXPRESSION OF PTRLEA7, A LATE EMBRYOGENESIS ABUNDANT FAMILY GENE FROM PONCIRUS TRIFOLIATA, CONFERS ENHANCED DROUGHT

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第2期

摘要：

Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) genes encode highly hydrophilic proteins that are essential in abiotic stress responses. However, most LEA genes in higher plants have not yet been investigated. This study identified an LEA family gene (PtrLEA7) from Poncirus trifoliata and studied its function in drought tolerance. The full-length coding sequence of PtrLEA7 was 420 bp encoding a protein of 139 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis shows that PtrLEA7 protein belongs to the LEA_4 subfamily. Expression profiling by qPCR found that PtrLEA7 was strongly induced by dehydration, cold and ABA treatments, and slightly induced by salt stress. Subcellular localization reveals that PtrLEA7 protein was located in both cytoplasm and nucleus. To investigate its function, transgenic plants of both tobacco and Poncirus trifoliata overexpressing PtrLEA7 were obtained. Stress tolerance assays show that overexpression lines had enhanced dehydration and drought tolerance compared with wild type plants, indicating that PtrLEA7 positively regulates drought tolerance. In addition, transgenic plants had much higher expression levels of three antioxidant enzyme genes (CAT, SOD and POD) and significantly increased catalase enzyme activity, accompanied by reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation in comparison with wild type plants. Collectively, this study demonstrates that PtrLEA7 can confer enhanced drought tolerance partially via enhancing antioxidant capacity.

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Digitalization for supply chain resilience and robustness: The roles of collaboration and formal contracts

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 5-19 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0229-x

摘要： Black swan events such as the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak cause substantial supply chain disruption risks to modern companies. In today’s turbulent and complex business environment, supply chain resilience and robustness as two critical capabilities for firms to cope with disruptions have won substantial attention from both the academia and industry. Accordingly, this study intends to explore how digitalization helps build supply chain resilience and robustness. Adopting organizational information processing theory, it proposes the mediating effect of supply chain collaboration and the moderating effect of formal contracts. Using survey data of Chinese manufacturing firms, the study applied structural equation modelling to test the research model. Results show that digitalization has a direct effect on supply chain resilience, and supply chain collaboration can directly facilitate both resilience and robustness. Our study also indicates a complementary mediating effect of supply chain collaboration on the relationship between digitalization and supply chain resilience and an indirect-only mediation effect on the relationship between digitalization and supply chain robustness. Findings reveal the differential roles of digitalization as a technical factor and supply chain collaboration as an organizational factor in managing supply chain disruptions. Paradoxically, formal contracts enhance the relationship between digitalization and supply chain resilience but weaken the relationship between supply chain collaboration and supply chain resilience. The validation of moderating effects determines the boundary conditions of digitalization and supply chain collaboration and provides insights into governing supply chain partners’ behavior. Overall, this study enhances the understanding on how to build a resilient and robust supply chain.

关键词： digitalization supply chain resilience robustness collaboration formal contract

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Internet of Things (IoT)–blockchain-enabled pharmaceutical supply chain resilience in the post-pandemic

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 82-95 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0233-1

摘要： During the COVID-19 pandemic, the current operating environment of pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC) has rapidly changed and faced increasing risks of disruption. The Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain not only help enhance the efficiency of PSC operations in the information technology domain but also address complex related issues and improve the visibility, flexibility, and transparency of these operations. Although IoT and blockchain have been widely examined in the areas of supply chain and logistics management, further work on PSC is expected by the public to enhance its resilience. To respond to this call, this paper combines a literature review with semi-structured interviews to investigate the characteristics of PSC, the key aspects affecting PSC, and the challenges faced by PSC in the post-pandemic era. An IoT–blockchain-integrated hospital-side oriented PSC management model is also developed. This paper highlights how IoT and blockchain technology can enhance supply chain resilience and provides a reference on how PSC members can cope with the associated risks.

关键词： pharmaceutical supply chain Internet of Things blockchain resilience post-pandemic era

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Advancing food supply chain resilience in the post-pandemic era

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 107-120 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0232-2

摘要： In the post-pandemic era, food supply chains and firms therein are facing unprecedented severe challenges, because once infection is detected, numerous products must be recalled or abandoned, and both suppliers and retailers in the supply chain suffer enormous loss. To survive under the pandemic, retailers have adopted different sourcing strategies, such as contingent sourcing, which, in turn, affect the upstream suppliers and hence the resilience of the whole supply chain. With the rapid development of digital technologies, retailers nowadays can utilize blockchain as a reliable and efficient way to reduce product risk and hence advance the resilience of food supply chains by improving product traceability and inspection accuracy, and making sourcing transparent. In this paper, we develop a game-theoretic model to investigate the interrelation between the retailer’s decisions on blockchain adoption and sourcing strategies. We consider that a retailer originally orders from a risky supplier while conducting an imperfect inspection to detect infected products before selling. The retailer may speculatively keep on ordering from the risky supplier or adopt contingent sourcing by ordering from an alternative safe supplier. The retailer also has an option to implement blockchain to improve the inspection accuracy and product traceability. We derive the optimal retail prices under different sourcing strategies with and without blockchain adoption and then analyze the incentives for sourcing strategy and blockchain adoption. Then, we identify the conditions of an all-win situation for food retailer, supplier, supply chain resilience, and consumers with/without government subsidy. Finally, we extend to consider the situation that some consumers have health-safety concerns and preferences for blockchain adoption.

关键词： food supply chain blockchain contingent sourcing supply chain resilience

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Cyber–Physical Power System (CPPS): A review on measures and optimization methods of system resilience

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第4期页码 503-518 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0163-3

摘要： The Cyber–Physical Power System (CPPS) is one of the most critical infrastructure systems in a country because a stable and secure power supply is a key foundation for national and social development. In recent years, resilience has become a major topic in preventing and mitigating the risks caused by large-scale blackouts of CPPSs. Accordingly, the concept and significance of CPPS resilience are at first explained from the engineering perspective in this study. Then, a review of representative quantitative assessment measures of CPPS resilience applied in the existing literature is provided. On the basis of these assessment measures, the optimization methods of CPPS resilience are reviewed from three perspectives, which are mainly focused on the current research, namely, optimizing the recovery sequence of components, identifying and protecting critical nodes, and enhancing the coupling patterns between physical and cyber networks. The recent advances in modeling methods for cascading failures within the CPPS, which is the theoretical foundation for the resilience assessment and optimization research of CPPSs, are also presented. Lastly, the challenges and future research directions for resilience optimizing of CPPSs are discussed.

关键词： Cyber–Physical Power System resilience assessment resilience optimization cascading failure modeling

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2008年冬季—2009年春季干旱的大气结构与地球转动特征

魏鸣,欧阳首承

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第1期页码 49-55

摘要：

针对干旱预测的难题，利用揭示大气热结构垂直特征的V-3θ图，分析影响旱区的气流特征。根据国际地球自转服务（IERS）的数据，分析地球极移、章动和转速的变化与大气热结构变化的关系，基于地气动量守恒原理，将大气热结构与地球转动特征变化进行了制约性分析。结果表明，大气热结构异常和地球转动特征引起的冷空气路径变化与大范围干旱有关。

关键词：干旱冷空气路径回流章动极移